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Raymond Sydney Heritage

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THE SHROPSHIRE MATHEMATICS EXPERIMENT

The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment (SME) arose through a demand from teachers in 1963. 'The call for change in Shropshire came from Shropshire teachers, particularly from Modern School teachers who felt there was hope for the improvement of their work in the future if they introduced "modern" mathematics.'* So wrote Raymond Heritage in 1965, a lecturer in mathematics of student teachers at Cheshire College of Education.

The early books were not expected to be the finished product but part of an iterative process to create an excellent product. 'Teachers in SME are developing a highly critical attitude to the text (which has been beautifully produced for us in its temporary form by Penguin Books). As a result of their views, the text will be modified, expanded and partly re-written. As one man said, "We want a perfect textbook".'*

These books, which began as a set of four texts, were published in 1965 and 1966 as a new series The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ('SM') and designed for teaching the New Mathematics. They were all written by Raymond S. Heritage.

However, in 1967, Penguin Books established a separate Education division specifically to produce books for schools and colleges. Penguin Education wanted to have a major impact on schoolbooks, breaking new ground in their concept and design.

Penguin had recently tried similar projects: Hummingbird Books for Caribbean Schools, books from the Nuffield Science Teaching Project (1965), and had just started the Penguin History of Britain (SH, 1967) series. It had already begun the Shropshire Mathematics Experiment in 1965 when the decision was taken to create the new Penguin Education Division and launch the new series Penguin Education, 'X' in 1967.

NOTE: The books listed below either appeared as early Shropshire Mathematics Experiment books in their own right - as part of the 'SM' series - or they were intended for the 'SM' series. However, as mentioned above, in 1967 Penguin created its Education Division and so revisions of existing books and planned new books were re-located into the 'X' series at X30 and from X401. For the sake of completeness of all Raymond Heritage's Mathematics books, the Penguin Education 'X' entries are also listed below.

I want to thank Andrew Malin and Paul Lickiss for their help and encouragement, and information on the books. Additionally I am grateful to Anne Gulliford, step-daughter of Raymond Heritage, for her help in providing access to his papers and his books. It is my intention to provide a biographical article on Raymond Heritage and The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment, and to place his papers and books in one of the specialist archives of Penguin book material.

*The Mathematics Gazette, May 1965

Information and cover photographs of The Shropshire Mathermatics Experiment Series:

Draft Book	Series No.: Draft Book Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK ONE Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Date Published: 1964 Pages: 128pp. Printer: The Gresham Press, Unwin Brothers Ltd Size: 254mm x 204mm This book, although published by Penguin Books was produced "soley for private circulation and is for the use of the recipent only". The second image shows the title page, and the third the Preface. The final image is that of a typed manuscript which was found in the book (part of Raymond Heritage's estate).
SM1	Series No.: SM1 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK ONE Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead is composed of congruent triangles and illustrates angle and triangle properties Date Published: Summer 1966 Pages: 278pp. Printer: filmset by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd, printed by Fletcher and Sons Ltd Size: 222mm x 180mm "Originally produced as drafts for use in the Shropshire Mathematics Experiment. the texts were first fully tried out in some forty secondary schools, including grammar, technical, and modern schools. They were then extensively revised after free discussion with the teachers engaged in the Experiment." The second image is of the 1968 reprint with slightly different front cover First image and initial information courtesy of Andrew Malin
SM2	Series No.: SM2 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK TWO Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead, illustrates the principles of translation, rotation and reflection Date Published: Summer 1965 Pages: 238pp. Printer: filmset by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd, printed by Fletcher and Sons Ltd Size: 222mm x 180mm "Originally produced as drafts for use in the Shropshire Mathematics Experiment. the texts are first fully tried out in some forty secondary schools, including gramma technical, and modern schools. They are then extensively revised after free discussion with the teachers engaged in the Experiment." A revision or 'Final' edition was produced in 1967. The second image, of the second printing, shows the 'Test Edition' which contains Tests Second image and initial information courtesy of Andrew Malin
SMT1	Series No.: SMT1 (on Q100 list as SM15) Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOK ONE AND BOOK TWO: PARENTS' AND TEACHERS' HANDBOOK Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead shows the locus of the centre of the circumcircle of a simple closed curve of constant diameter as it rolls inside a circle Date Published: Summer 1966 Pages: 240pp. Printer: Cox and Wyman Ltd
SM3	Series No.: SM3 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK THREE Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead, Illustrates enlargement with both positive and negative multiplying factors and shows that a multiplying factor of -1 gives a half turn rotation Date Published: 1968 Reprinted with revisions (first 'Final Edition' Summer 1966) Pages: 240pp. Printer: filmset by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd, printed by Fletcher and Son Ltd "Originally produced as drafts for use in the Shropshire Mathematics Experiment. the texts were first fully tried out in some forty secondary schools, including gramma technical, and modern schools. They were then extensively revised after free discussion with the teachers engaged in the Experiment."
SM4	Series No.: SM4 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK FOUR: REVISED TEST EDITION Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead illustrates the repeated shearing of a parallelogram Date Published: October 1969 Reprinted with revisions (first 1967) Pages: Printer: filmset by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd, printed by St. Paul's Press Ltd (Malta) "Originally produced as drafts for use in the Shropshire Mathematics Experiment. the texts are first fully tried out in some forty secondary schools, including gramma technical, and modern schools. They are then extensively revised after free discussion with the teachers engaged in the experiment. The first revision is incorporated in this book."
SM5	Series No.: SM5 Entry: No information available. SM5 was originally planned to be: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, STAGE 5: MOTION GEOMETRY AND VECTOR GEOMETRY by Raymond Sydney Heritage. There is no evidence of this book being published.
SM6	Series No.: SM6 Entry: No information available. SM6 was originally planned to be: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING FOR SCHOOLS by Audrey Rich and scheduled to be issued in January 1970. No such book was published.
SM7	Series No.: SM7 Entry: No information available. SM7 was originally planned to be: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 4M by Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis and scheduled to be issued in January 1970. No such book was published.
SM8	Series No.: SM8 Title: LEARNING DECIMAL CURRENCY Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead, compares units and values of the old system of coinage with the new decimal system Date Published: January 1969 Pages: 40pp. Printer: Butler and Tanner Ltd
SM9	Series No.: SM9 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 3M Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis This book is later refrred to as X409, and also listed as having a 1968 edition in X413.
SMT1 (SM15)	Series No.: SM15 published as SMT1 Entry: See SMT1 above (1966)
SM16	Series No.: SM16 Entry: No information available. SM16 was originally planned to be: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, STAGE 5 : NUEMRICAL MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING by Raymond Sydney Heritage. There is no evidence of this book being published.
SM17	Series No.: SM17 Entry: No information available. SM17 was originally planned to be: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, STAGE 5 : STATISTICS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH by Raymond Sydney Heritage. There is no evidence of this book being published.
SM18	Series No.: SM18 Entry: No information available. SM18 was originally planned to be: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, STAGE 5 : REVISION EXERCISES AND FURTHER WORK by Raymond Sydney Heritage. There is no evidence of this book being published.
SM19	Series No.: SM19 Title: ANSWERS TO LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOKS 1, 2, 3M, 4M (METRIC) Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage This book was published as X419 in 1971
X 30	Series No.: X 30 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS: ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES IN BOOKS ONE AND TWO Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead shows the locus of the centre of the circumcircle of a simple closed curve of constant diameter as it rolls inside a circle (part inversed from SMT1) Date Published: 1968 Reprinted with revisions, (first 1966) Pages: 56pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith
X 30	Series No.: X 30 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS: ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES IN BOOKS 1, 2, 3 AND 3M Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover: design by Keith Whitehead shows the locus of the centre of the circumcircle of a simple closed curve of constant diameter as it rolls inside a circle (part inversed from SMT1) Date Published: February 1968 Pages: 112pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith Price: Answer book for Shropshire Mathematics Experiment volumes Image courtesy of Paul Lickiss
X 401	Series No.: X 401 (formerly SM1) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOK ONE Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: design by Keith Whitehead is composed of congruent triangles and illustrates angle and triangle properties Date Published: 1 February 1966 Pages: 278pp. Printer: Fletcher and Sons Ltd Size: 222mm x 180mm Image of second printing and additional information courtesy of Andrew Malin
X 402	Series No.: X 402 (formerly SM2) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0402 1 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOK TWO Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover design: by Keith Whitehead - illustration demonstrates the principles of translation, rotation and reflection Date Published: 1965 Pages: 240pp. Printer: Fletcher and Sons Ltd Size: 222mm x 180mm Second image shown of a subsequent printing 'Test Edition' of Test Papers Images and additional information courtesy of Andrew Malin
X 403	Series No.: X 403 (formerly SM3) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0403 X Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOK THREE Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: Date Published: Summer 1966/1 June 1968 Pages: Printer:
X 404	Series No.: X 404 (formerly SM4) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0404 8 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS BOOK FOUR Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: by Keith Whitehead illustrates the repeated shearing of a parallelogram Date Published: 1970, Final Edition (Test Edition 1967, Reprinted with revisions 1969) Pages: 238pp. Printer: Lowe and Brydone (Printers) Ltd Price: 65p ('non-net' discounted price for schools) "For the final editions extensive revisions were made after discussion with the teachers engaged in the experiment Book 4 was tested through two editions and all the revisions are incorporated in this final edition."
X 405	Series No.: X 405 (formerly SM5) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0405 6 Title: VECTORS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND MATRICES Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and John Donald Edge Cover design: by Geoff Hayes, incorporates a photo of a 16th century vaulting in a chapel of the Frauenkirche at Ingolstadt, Photo Marburg Date Published: 1 Jan 1972 Pages: 128pp. Printer: filmset by Photoprint Plates Ltd, printed by Compton Printing Ltd Image and additional information courtesy of Paul Lickiss
X 406	Series No.: X 406 Entry: No information available. SM6 was originally intended to be Computer Programming for Schools by Audrey Rich and scheduled to be issued in January 1970. No such book appeared.
X 407	Series No.: X 407 (formerly SM7) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0407 2 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 4M (FOUR METRIC) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: by Keith Whitehead illustrates the associative law for vector addition Date Published: 1969 Pages: 256pp. Printer: Page Bros. Ltd Price: 65p ('non-net' discounted price for schools) "Book 4m, which is based on the widely tested Book 4, continues the principles of Book 3m in providing an expanded and simplified version of the Learning mathematics course for C.S.E,- level pupils. This book completes the course for CSE pupils."
X 408	Series No.: X 408 (formerly SM8) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0408 0 Title: LEARNING DECIMAL CURRENCY Author: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover design: by Keith Whitehead compares units and values of the old system of coinage with those of the new decimal system Date Published: January 1969 Pages: 40pp. Printer: Price: 15p ('non-net' discounted price for schools)
X 409	Series No.: X 409 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0409 0 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 3M (THREE METRIC) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: Date Published: July 1968 Pages: Printer: Price:
X 410	Series No.: X 410 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0410 2 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 1 (Metric Edition) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover design: by Keith Whitehead, is composed of congruent triangles and illustrates angle and triangle properties Date Published: 1971 (Test Edition privately circulated 1964, Final Edition 1966) Pages: 288pp. Price: 70p ('non-net' discounted price for schools) Printer: filmset by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd, printed by J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd
X 411	Series No.: X 411 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0411 0 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 2 (metric Edition) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover design: by Keith Whitehead demonstrates the principles of translation, rotation and reflection Date Published: 1971 (Test Edition 1965, Reprinted with revisions 1966, Final Edition 1967) Pages: 238pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd Price: 70p ('non-net' discounted price for schools) "the four-volume course takes the reader to O-level while an alternative version in which Books 3m and 4m replace Books 3 and 4 leads to CSE and beyond"
X 412	Series No.: X 412 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0412 9 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 3 (Metric Edition) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage Cover design: by Keith Whitehead illustrates enlargement with both positive and negative multiplying factors and shows that a multiplying factor of -1 gives a half-turn rotation Date Published: 1971 (Test Edition 1966, Final Edition 1968) Pages: 240pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd Price: 70p ('non-net' discounted price for schools)
X 413	Series No.: X 413 Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0413 7 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS, BOOK 3M (Metric Edition) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: by Keith Whitehead illustrates the product of two translations Date Published: 1971 (first 1968) Pages: 256pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd Price: 70p ('non-net' discounted price for schools)
X 419	Series No.: X 419 (formerly SM19) Sub-Series: The Shropshire Mathematics Experiment ISBN-10: 01408.0419 6 Title: LEARNING MATHEMATICS ANSWER BOOK: BOOKS 1, 2, 3, 3M, 4 AND 4M (Metric Edition) Authors: Raymond Sydney Heritage and William Islwyn Lewis Cover design: by Keith Whitehead shows the locus of the centre of the circumference of a simple closed curve of constant diameter as it rolls inside a circle Date Published: 1971 Pages: 156pp. Printer: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd Price: 75p ('non-net' discounted price for schools)

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